Provenance investigations of raw materials in pre-Columbian textiles from Pachacamac; strontium isotope analyses
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pachacamac was considered a sanctuary or oracle by several of the pre-Columbian Andean cultures. As a pilgrimage destination, the site was rich in archaeological artifacts and yielded also many well preserved textiles. Some of the objects found at Pachacamac are considered offerings by the pilgrims to their Gods, and the majority are assumed to be of nonlocal origin. Others are from the Ychsma people, who lived in Pachacamac and the nearby Rimac Valley during the last centuries before the conquest. We have investigated 10 pre-Columbian textile samples, which were supposedly excavated at the archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru. The textiles from which the samples came today form part of the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Nine of the ten textiles investigated in this study were collected by Wilhelm Gretzer (1907 museum entry) while the last one (textile V A 62696) was collected by von Diebitsch and entered the museum in 1925. The aim of this study was to, for the first time, investigate the origin of the pre-Columbian textiles’ raw materials (mostly wool) by the application of strontium isotope analyses. Investigaciones de procedencias de materias primas en textiles precolombinos de Pachacamac; Análisis de isótopos de estroncio Resumen Pachacamac fue considerado como un santuario u oráculo por varias de las culturas andinas precolombinas. Por ser un destino para peregrinos, se han encontrado muchos artefactos arqueológicos en el lugar, los que incluyen textiles conservados en buen estado. Algunos de los objetos encontrados en Pachacamac son considerados ofrendas a los dioses, hechas por los peregrinos, por lo que se supone que en su mayoría proceden de un origen no local. Otros son de la cultura Ychsma, una población residente en Pachacamac y el adyacente valle de Rimac durante los últimos siglos antes de la conquista. Hemos investigado 10 muestras de textiles precolombinas que supuestamente fueron excavadas en el yacimiento arqueológico de Pachacamac, Perú. Los textiles forman hoy parte del Museo Etnológico de Berlín. Nueve de los diez textiles investigados en este estudio fueron coleccionados por Wilhelm Gretzer (entrada en 1907) mientras que el último (textil VA 62696) fue coleccionado por von Diebitsch y entró en el museo en 1925. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido, por primera vez, investigar el origen de las materias primas de los textiles precolombinos (principalmente lana) mediante la aplicación de análisis de isótopos de estroncio.
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